乡亲: fellow countryman (from the same village), local people, villager, the folks back home...
数学: mathematics, mathematical...
低碳: (attributive) low-carbon, low-carb (diet)...
无足轻重: insignificant...
把关: to guard a pass, to check on sth...
口语: colloquial speech, spoken language, vernacular language, slander, gossip...
上限: upper bound...
机舱: cabin of a plane...
挑: to raise, to dig up, to poke, to prick, to incite, to stir up...
成果: result, achievement, gain, profit...